The European Union (EU) Emergency Trust Fund for Africa (EUTF for Africa) was set up to support the most vulnerable and marginalised people, including refugees, internally displaced persons (IDPs), migrants and members of host communities. Over the last nine years, it has provided great momentum for a coordinated response by the EU, its Member States and other donors to multiple challenges across the Sahel and Lake Chad, Horn of Africa and North of Africa regions. In 2024, the three regions of the EUTF for Africa were marked by political crises – with regime changes in the Sahel region – and armed conflict, like the ongoing civil war in Sudan which is causing the largest displacement crisis in the world. The continued repercussions of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, economic hardship aggravated by high inflation, and the increasingly devastating impact of climate change further contributed to deteriorating the livelihoods of the most vulnerable populations in Africa.