Algeria 
Egypt 
Israel 
Jordan 
Lebanon 
Libya 
Morocco 
Palestine * 
Syria 
Tunisia Population dynamics and education for a shared Mediterranean future: Overview and implications for the Pact for the Mediterranean
October 17, 2025
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As the EU launches its Pact for the Mediterranean, this JRC report explores the interconnected areas of demography, migration, and education in the region, highlighting their significant implications for cooperation between the EU and Southern Mediterranean countries. The report provides a comprehensive analysis of the distinct demographic and migration trends in the Mediterranean region, as well as the challenges and opportunities in education, where investing in human capital is critical to developing competitiveness and unlocking the potential for growth and stability. A key finding is that the young and growing population in the Southern Mediterranean will continue to shape migration potential, but other factors such as economic conditions, conflicts and border policies will ultimately determine the eventual translation of such potential into actual migratory movements. The report highlights the potential winwin benefits of expanding education and labour migration pathways, which could help the EU alleviate labour shortages while generating benefits for Southern Mediterranean countries, including remittances, knowledge transfer, and reduced labour market pressure. Looking ahead, the report emphasizes the importance of the 2025-2035 period for decision-making and investments in education and human capital, with a focus on improving school attendance and enhancing competences. By providing evidencebased and actionable insights, this report aims to support the effective implementation of the Pact for the Mediterranean and foster a collaborative and sustainable EU-Southern Mediterranean partnership.
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