Equality in research and innovation (R&I) is a core value of the European Union, essential for fostering excellence, diversity, and inclusiveness. The She Figures publication is the European Commission’s flagship report monitoring gender equality in R&I across Europe and beyond. In line with previous editions, She Figures 2024 follows the chronological journey of researchers from higher education into the labour market and on to decision-making and leadership positions. The report supports evidence-based policymaking and promotes gender mainstreaming across R&I policies at both national and EU levels. A significant addition for 2024 is the introduction of a pilot Index: a composite indicator measuring Member States’ progress towards gender equality in R&I. It offers a comparative perspective on gender equality efforts and enhances the She Figures contribution to fostering a more inclusive European R&I landscape.