How can labour migration be an instrument of the twin transition in the Mediterranean? In this Policy Brief, three assumptions are reviewed: (1) labour migration instruments should target skills and sectors that will be in demand to serve the twin transition in the region, (2) returned migrants should contribute to the transition in their countries of origin with their acquired skills and know-how, and (3) governments on both sides of the Mediterranean should have an interest in pursuing such circular migration schemes in the long run.