This report explores policies and practices on validation of non-formal and informal learning in the ETF’s partner countries and presents the results of studies carried out in 16 countries in the period 2021–23. Countries increasingly invest in validation schemes (also known as recognition of prior learning) in an effort to give visibility to all the skills acquired by learners beyond classroom settings. Validation offers people a new route to a qualification and is perceived as an essential element of flexible learning pathways. Get an insight into the progress made in creating validation schemes, the features of validation systems, and challenges and good practice examples. The report may serve as a source of inspiration for policy makers aiming at scaling up validation systems.